Hey folks,

Have you ever heard about DB Clustering (eg MySQL Clustering)? If not, I would give you a quick summary of it.

Before, I worked at a big company based in Munich, Germany (Still working in Vietnam tho haha). Oh boy, they do have a big monolith monster project, the size, code,...

Man, imagine you have to scale a project like that, millions of users (from public to internal), the DB write operations are insane.

There is no way a traditional 1 write - N replica would work. Write instance will and always be a bottleneck.

Then, here I welcome you to the DB Clustering!

DB Clustering details and the Pros

Just like how you deploy your backend project and put it under a Load Balancer, then share the traffic between the instances.

DB Clustering is just as same as that:

• Shared-nothing: my machine, my usage
• Sync replication: crazy right? replication for replica is async
• Self-healing
• Automatic failover
• Load-balancing
• High availability

Awesome right?

In Tech, there will be no silver bullet for everything. Same as clustering, it would have its own Cons, eg:

• Self-managed (yeah, seems like cloud services still prefer the traditional way - write replica)
  • But once you perfect the setup (self-healing, fail-over,...), you're done.
• Some limitations, check out MySQL

But the PROs here are way better to go with.

Apply to a Monolith Project

With the PROs above, for example, I have an App with MAU (monthly active users) of around 1M. Here would be my perfect setup:

• Backend:
  • Load Balancer: 4 instances, using the round-robin algorithm.
• DB:
  • 5 clusters:
    • 4 active, using the round-robin algorithm.
    • 1 standby, will jump in if any active instance is down.

If I needed a Queue Worker, then I would give it a dedicated cluster as well 🥳 Thus, it can work independently without taking all the resources from the HTTP layer.

Then I don't have to bother about the monolith structure (yes I know it is bad), but extracting a big app into multiple services aka microservices would take years without new features.

And I can sleep in peace without worrying about spiking in the database when the write operations are high as fk.

Conclusion

• Small/medium app (even big): let's go with the DB Clustering to help you scale while you're only focusing on the feature development.
• Super big app: DB Clustering for your own microservices.

Cheers!